4 Maccabees 18:2

13 translations of 23 that include the deuterocanon

ASV Byzantine Text

Knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the passions, and those not only inward but outward.

Brenton English Septuagint

Knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the passions, and those not only inward but outward.

LXX2012 U. S. English

Knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the passions, and those not only inward but outward.

British English Septuagint 2012

Knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the passions, and those not only inward but outward.

Updated Brenton English Septuagint

Knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the passions, and those not only inward but outward.

World English Bible British Edition with Deuterocanon

knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the emotions, and those not only inward but outward.

World English Bible Classic

knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the emotions, and those not only inward but outward.

World English Bible Updated

knowing that religious reasoning is lord of the emotions, and those not only inward but outward.

Matupi Chin Standard Bible 2019

knowing that devout reason is master of all emotions, not only of sufferings from within, but also of those from without.

French Free Holy Bible for the World

sachant que le raisonnement religieux est le seigneur des émotions, et celles non seulement intérieures mais extérieures.

Brenton Septuagint

γινώσκοντες, ὅτι τῶν παθῶν δεσπότης ἐστὶν ὁ εὐσεβὴς λογισμός· καὶ οὐ μόνον τῶν ἔνδοθεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἔξωθεν πόνων·

Spanish BLL

sabiendo que la razón religiosa es la dueña de las emociones, no solo de las de adentro, sino también de las de afuera.

Spanish Free Bible for the World

sabiendo que el razonamiento religioso es señor de las pasiones, y esas no solo internas sino externas.

When was this written?

The traditions broadly agree on this one.

Broad agreement: 20 AD–100 AD Anonymous
A philosophical treatise in Greek, written under Roman rule.

The commentaries behind these dates →

Who ruled Rome

Emperors reigning while this book is dated. Where the traditions differ, they often fall under different rulers.

Broad agreement

Tiberius 14 AD–37 AD
Emperor through the ministry of Jesus. Pontius Pilate governed Judea under him.
Caligula 37 AD–41 AD
A short and erratic reign; his order to place a statue of himself in the Jerusalem temple was abandoned only at his death.
Claudius 41 AD–54 AD
Expelled Jews from Rome, which is why Priscilla and Aquila were in Corinth when Paul met them.
Nero 54 AD–68 AD
The fire of Rome in 64 was followed by the first state persecution of Christians. Paul and Peter are traditionally martyred in this reign.
Galba, Otho and Vitellius 68 AD–69 AD
The year of four emperors: civil war across the empire after Nero's death.
Vespasian 69 AD–79 AD
Took power at the end of the civil war. His son Titus completed the siege of Jerusalem in 70.
Titus 79 AD–81 AD
Commanded the army that destroyed the Jerusalem temple before becoming emperor.
Domitian 81 AD–96 AD
An autocratic reign under which Revelation is traditionally placed, on the testimony of Irenaeus.
Nerva 96 AD–98 AD
A brief reign that eased the pressures of Domitian's last years.
Trajan 98 AD–117 AD
His correspondence with Pliny the Younger is the earliest surviving statement of official Roman policy toward Christians.

Elsewhere in the world

Events overlapping when this passage is dated (20 AD–100 AD).

1070 BC–350 AD The kingdom of Kush Africa
A Nubian power on the upper Nile that ruled Egypt itself as its twenty-fifth dynasty.
500 BC–500 AD The Nazca lines South America
Vast figures drawn on the Peruvian desert, visible only from the surrounding hills.
206 BC–220 AD The Han dynasty China
Four centuries of Chinese rule contemporary with the whole of Roman expansion.
150 BC–100 AD Roman concrete and the aqueducts Rome
Hydraulic concrete let Rome build harbours, domes and aqueducts that still stand.
100 BC–550 AD Teotihuacan Mesoamerica
A city of perhaps a hundred thousand people in the valley of Mexico, with monumental pyramids.
43 AD–84 AD Rome conquers Britain Britain
Claudius invaded and the province was gradually extended to the Scottish lowlands.
66 AD–73 AD First Jewish–Roman war Levant
Revolt against Rome ending in the destruction of the Jerusalem temple in AD 70 — the decisive rupture in Second Temple Judaism.
27 BC–100 AD Roman road and sea network matures Rome
Consolidated roads, harbours and suppressed piracy made long-distance travel unusually safe, a precondition for the rapid spread of early Christian communities.

4 Maccabees 18:2

ASV Byzantine Text ☆

Brenton English Septuagint ☆

LXX2012 U. S. English ☆

British English Septuagint 2012 ☆

Updated Brenton English Septuagint ☆

World English Bible British Edition with Deuterocanon ☆

World English Bible Classic ☆

World English Bible Updated ☆

Matupi Chin Standard Bible 2019 ☆

French Free Holy Bible for the World ☆

Brenton Septuagint ☆

Spanish BLL ☆

Spanish Free Bible for the World ☆

ASV Byzantine Text

Brenton English Septuagint

LXX2012 U. S. English

British English Septuagint 2012

Updated Brenton English Septuagint

World English Bible British Edition with Deuterocanon

World English Bible Classic

World English Bible Updated

Matupi Chin Standard Bible 2019

French Free Holy Bible for the World

Brenton Septuagint

Spanish BLL

Spanish Free Bible for the World