Esther 16:1

2 translations of 93 that include the Old Testament

Douay-Rheims 1899

The great king Artaxerxes, from India to Ethiopia, to the governors and princes of a hundred and twenty-seven provinces, which obey our command, sendeth greeting.

Clementine Vulgate 1598

Rex magnus Artaxerxes ab India usque Æthiopiam, centum viginti septem provinciarum ducibus ac principibus qui nostræ jussioni obediunt, salutem dicit.

When was this written?

Traditions differ. Each position is shown rather than one asserted as settled.

Traditional: 465 BC–425 BC Mordecai
Placed close to the Persian court it describes.
Critical: 400 BC–300 BC Anonymous
Persian loanwords and the story's distance from events suggest later composition.

The commentaries behind these dates →

Elsewhere in the world

Events overlapping when this passage is dated (465 BC–300 BC).

1200 BC–400 BC Olmec civilisation Mesoamerica
The earliest major Mesoamerican civilisation, known for colossal stone heads and an early calendar.
1070 BC–350 AD The kingdom of Kush Africa
A Nubian power on the upper Nile that ruled Egypt itself as its twenty-fifth dynasty.
550 BC–330 BC The Persian empire founded Persia
Cyrus and his successors ruled from the Aegean to the Indus, the largest empire the world had yet seen.
500 BC–500 AD The Nazca lines South America
Vast figures drawn on the Peruvian desert, visible only from the surrounding hills.
499 BC–449 BC Greco-Persian wars Greece
Persia's attempts to subdue the Greek mainland failed at Marathon, Salamis and Plataea.
322 BC–185 BC The Mauryan empire India
The first empire to unite most of the Indian subcontinent.
300 BC Euclid's Elements Egypt
A geometry textbook still in use two thousand years later.
484 BC–425 BC Herodotus writes his Histories Greece
The first sustained attempt to inquire into the causes of events rather than simply record them.

Esther 16:1

Douay-Rheims 1899 ☆

Clementine Vulgate 1598 ☆

Douay-Rheims 1899

Clementine Vulgate 1598