ἐπί

G1909 G:PREP

upon/to/against

ἐπί (before a smooth breathing ἐπ᾽, before a rough breathing ἐφ᾽), prep. with genitive, dative, accusative (accusative most frequently in NT), with primary sense of superposition, on, upon . __I. C. genitive, __1. of place, answering the question, where? __(a) of the place on which, on, upon : ἐπὶ (τ.) γῆς, Mat.6:10, 19 , al.; τ. κεφαλῆς, 1Co.11:10; τ. νεφελῶν, Mat.24:3 o, al.; like ἐν, in constr. praegn. after verbs of motion: βάλλειν, Mrk.4:26; σπείρειν, ib. 31; ἔρχεσθαι, Heb.6:7 , al.; figuratively, ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας (MM, see word ἀ.); of the subject of thought or speech, Gal.3:16; of power or authority, over , πάντων, Rom.9:5: τ. γάζης, Act.8:27; ἐξουσία, Rev.2:26 20:6 ; __(b) of vicinity, at, by : τ. θαλάσσης, Jhn.6:9; τ. ὁδοῦ, Mat.21:19; τοῦ βάτου, Mrk.12:26 (see Swete, in l.); with genitive of person(s), in the presence of, before , Mat.28:14 , Act.23:30 , 1Co.6:1 , al. __2. Of time, __(a) with genitive of person(s), in the time of : ἐπὶ Ἐλισαίου, Luk.4:27; ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου, Act.11:28; ἐπὶ Ἀβιάθαρ ἀρχιερέως, when A. was high priest , Mrk.2:26; __(b) with genitive of thing(s), at, at the time of : Mat.1:11 , Heb.1:2 , 2Pe.3:3 ; ἐπὶ τ. προσευχῶν, Rom.1:10 , Eph.1:16 , 1Th.1:2 , Phm 4. __II. C. dative, of place, answering the question, where? __(a) lit., on, upon : Mat.9:16, 14:8 , al.; after verbs of motion (see supr., I, 1, ( a )), Mat.9:16 Act.8:16 ; above , Luk.23:38; at, by , Mrk.13:29 , Jhn.5:2 , Act.5:9 , al.; __(b) metaphorically, upon, on the ground of , Luk.4:4 (LXX); in the matter of , Mrk.6:52 (see Swete, in l.); upon, of, concerning , Act.5:35, 40 ; of the ground, reason or motive (Bl., §38, 2; 43, 3), Mat.18:3 19:9 , Rom.12:12 , al.; ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, for the reason that, because , Rom.5:12 2Co.5:4 ; after verbs of motion, over , Mat.18:13 , Rom.16:19 , al.; of a condition (cl.), Rom.8:20 , 1Co.9:10 ; ἐπὶ δυσὶ μάρτυσιν (see Westc. on Heb.9:10 ), Heb.10:28 ; of purpose or aim, Eph.2:10 , Php.4:10 ; of authority, over , Mat.24:47 Luk.12:44 ; of hostility, with dative of person(s) (cl.), against , Luk.12:52; in addition to (cl.), 2Co.7:13; of an adjunct, in, at, on , Php.1:3 2:17 . __III. C. accusative, __1. of place of motion upon or over, answering the question, whither? __(a) lit., upon, over : Mat.14:28, 29 , Luk.5:19 , al. mult.; in NT also, answering the question, where? (as with genitive, dative), Mrk.4:38 11:2 , Luk.2:25 , Jhn.1:32 ; ἐπὶ τ. αὐτό, Act.1:15 2:1 , al.; of motion to a vicinity, to , Mrk.16:2 , Act.8:36 , al.; __(b) metaphorically (in wh. "the accusative is more widely prevalent than it strictly should be," Bl., §43, 1); of blessings, evils, etc., coming upon one, with accusative of person(s), Mat.10:13 12:28 , Act.2:17 , Jhn.18:4 , Eph.5:6 , al.; of addition (dative in cl.), λύπη ἐπὶ λύπην, Php.2:27; ἐπικαλεῖν ὄνομα ἐπί (see: ἐπικαλέω), Act.15:17 , Jas.2:7 ; καλεῖν ἐπί, to call after , Luk.1:59; of number or degree: ἐπὶ τρίς (cl. εἰς τ.), thrice , Act.10:16 11:10 ; ἐπὶ πλεῖον, the more, further , Act.4:17 2Ti.2:16 3:9 (see also infr., 2, ( a )); ἐφ᾽ ὅσον (see infr., ib.), forasmuch as , Mat.25:40, 45 , Rom.11:13 ; of power, authority, control, Luk.1:33 , Act.7:10 Rom.5:14 , Heb.3:6 , al.; of the direction of thoughts and feelings, unto, towards , Luk.1:17 23:28 , Act.9:35, 42 , Rom.11:22 , Gal.4:9 , Eph.2:7 , 1Ti.5:5 , al.; of purpose, for , Mat.3:7 , Luk.23:48 ; ἐφ᾽ ὅ πάρει (Rec. ἐφ᾽ ᾧ, Mat.26:50; of hostility, against , Mat.24:7 , Mrk.3:24-26 10:11 13:8 , Luk.9:5 , Jhn.13:18 , Act.7:54 , 1Co.7:36 , 2Co.1:23 ; Of reference, concerning, for (cl. usually dative), Mrk.9:12 15:24 , Jhn.19:24 , Rom.4:9 . __2. Of time, __(a) during, for : Luk.4:25 (WH, txt., omits ἐπί), Act.13:31 16:18 , Heb.11:30 , al.; ἐφ᾽ ὅσον (χρόνον), as long as, for so long time as , Mrk.9:15 Rom.7:1 , al. (for ἐφ᾽ ὅ in another sense, see supr., 1, ( b )); ἐφ᾽ ἱκανόν (see: ἱ), Act.20:11; ἐπὶ πλεῖον (see supr., 1, (b)), yet longer, further , Act.20:9 24:4 ; __(b) on, about, towards (cl. εἰς): Luk.10:35 Act.3:1 4:5 . __IV. In composition, ἐπί si