πνεῦμα

G4151G G:N-N

spirit/breath: spirit

πνεῦμα , -τος, τό, [in LXX chiefly and very frequently for רוּחַ ;] __1. of air in motion ; __(a) wind : Jhn.3:8; pl., Heb.1:7 (LXX); __(b) breath : π. ζωῆς, Rev.11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2Th.2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33)6). __2. Of the vital principle, the spirit (Arist., Polyb., al.): Luk.8:55 , Jhn.19:30 , Act.7:59 , al.; opposite to σάρξ, Mat.26:41 , Mrk.14:38 , 1Co.5:5 , al.; to σῶμα, Rom.8:10 , 1Co.6:17 7:34 , 1Pe.4:6 ; to ψυχή, Php.1:27 , Heb.4:12 ; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1Th.5:23 (M, Th. , in l.); dative, τῷ π., in spirit , Mrk.2:8 8:12 , Jhn.11:33 13:21 , Act.18:25 , Rom.12:11 , 1Co.7:34 , 1Pe.3:18 , al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Rom.1:4 , 1Ti.3:16 . __3. spirit , i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence : Luk.1:17 , Rom.8:15 , 1Co.4:21 , Gal 6:1 , Eph.2:2 , 2Ti.1:7 , 1Jn.4:6 , al. __4. An incorporeal being, a spirit : Luk.24:37, 39 Act.23:8 ; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit , Jhn.4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Heb.12:9; of disembodied human beings, Heb.12:23 , 1Pe.3:19 ( ICC , in l.; DB , iii, 795); of angels. Heb.1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Mat.8:16 , Mrk.9:20 , Luk.9:39 , al.; π. πύθυωνα, Act.16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Rev.16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luk.4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., §35, 5), Luk.13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Mat.10:1 , Mrk.1:23 , Luk.4:36 , Act.5:16 ; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mrk.9:17, 25 ; πονηρόν, Luk.7:21 , Act.19:12 , al. __5. Of the Holy Spirit , π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 151:5; Bl., §46, 7): anarth., Mat.1:18 3:11 , 16 4:1, Mrk.1:8 (Swete, in l.), ib.10, Luk.1:15 , Jhn.7:39 , Act.19:2 , Rom.5:5 , 1Co.2:4 , al.; with art., Mat.4:1 12:31, 32 Mrk.1:10 3:29 , Luk.2:26 , Jhn.7:36 14:26 , Act.4:31 5:3 , Rom.8:16 , al.; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Mat.3:16 , Rom.8:9 , Eph.3:16 , 1Jn.4:2 , al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Mat.10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2Co.3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luk.4:18 , Act.5:9 8:39 ; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Act.16:7; Χριστοῦ, Rom.8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Php.1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, Jhn.15:26 16:13 , 1Jn.4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Act.21:11 28:25 , 1Ti.4:1 , Heb.3:7 10:15 , Rev.14:13 ; before τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Rev.2:7, 11 17, 29, 3:6, 12, 22; ἐν τ. π., Luk.2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Rom.8:4 , 5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., Jhn.3:5 , διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Heb.9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2Th.2:13 , 1Pe.1:2 ; ἓν π., 1Co.12:13 , Eph.2:18 4:4 ; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2Co.3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opposite to γράμμα, Rom.2:29 7:6 , 2Co.3:6 . SYN. : νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse" ( DB , iv, 612); ψυχή — the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God" ( DB , 1-vol., 872). (AS)